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What Do You Call a Baby River Dolphin

Written By Friday, March 11, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Species of toothed whale

Amazon river dolphin
Amazonas Flussdelfin Apure Orinoco Duisburg 01.jpg
Illustration of human next to dolphin
Size compared to an boilerplate human

Conservation status


Endangered (IUCN iii.i)[1]

CITES Appendix Ii (CITES)[2]

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Form: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
Family: Iniidae
Genus: Inia
Species:

I. geoffrensis

Binomial proper name
Inia geoffrensis

(Blainville, 1817)
Cetacea range map Amazon River Dolphin.PNG
Amazon river dolphin range

The Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), also known as the boto, bufeo or pink river dolphin, is a species of toothed whale classified in the family Iniidae. Three subspecies are currently recognized: I. g. geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin), I. g. boliviensis (Bolivian river dolphin) and I. g. humboldtiana (Orinoco river dolphin) while position of Araguaian river dolphin (I. araguaiaensis) within the clade is still unclear.[3] [4] The 3 subspecies are distributed in the Amazon basin, the upper Madeira River in Bolivia, and the Orinoco bowl, respectively.

The Amazon river dolphin is the largest species of river dolphin, with adult males reaching 185 kilograms (408 lb) in weight, and 2.five metres (eight.ii ft) in length. Adults larn a pink color, more prominent in males, giving it its nickname "pinkish river dolphin". Sexual dimorphism is very evident, with males measuring xvi% longer and weighing 55% more than than females. Like other toothed whales, they have a melon, an organ that is used for bio sonar. The dorsal fin, although brusque in height, is regarded as long, and the pectoral fins are also large. The fin size, unfused vertebrae, and its relative size allow for improved manoeuvrability when navigating flooded forests and capturing prey.

They have one of the widest ranging diets amidst toothed whales, and feed on up to 53 unlike species of fish, such equally croakers, catfish, tetras and piranhas. They also eat other animals such equally river turtles and freshwater crabs.[v]

In 2008, this species was ranked by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) every bit existence data deficient, due to the uncertainty regarding its population trends and the impact of threats. While hunting is a major threat, in recent decades greater impacts on population take been due to the loss of habitat and inadvertent entanglement in fishing lines.

It is the but species of river dolphin kept in captivity, mainly in Venezuela and Europe. It is difficult to railroad train and a high mortality charge per unit is seen amidst captive individuals.

Taxonomy [edit]

The species Inia geoffrensis was described by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville in 1817. Originally, the Amazon river dolphin belonged to the superfamily Platanistoidea, which constituted all river dolphins, making them a paraphyletic group.[6] Today, however, the Amazon river dolphin has been reclassified into the superfamily Inioidea.[vii] There is no consensus on when and how they penetrated the Amazon basin; they may have washed then during the Miocene from the Pacific Ocean, earlier the formation of the Andes, or from the Atlantic Ocean.[eight] [ix]

There is ongoing debate about the nomenclature of species and subspecies, with large international bodies being in disagreement. The IUCN recognizes three subspecies:[ane] I. k. geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin), I. g. boliviensis (Bolivian river dolphin), and I. thousand. humboldtiana (Orinoco river dolphin);[7] while the Committee on Taxonomy of the Club for Marine Mammalogy only recognizes the kickoff ii of these.[10]

However, based on skull morphology in 1994, it was proposed that I. g. boliviensis was a unlike species.[11] In 2002, following the analysis of mitochondrial DNA specimens from the Orinoco bowl, the Putumayo River (tributary of the Amazon) and the Tijamuchy and Ipurupuru rivers, geneticists proposed that genus Inia exist divided into at least two evolutionary lineages: one restricted to the river basins of Bolivia and the other widely distributed in the Orinoco and Amazon.[12] [13] A contempo study, with more comprehensive sampling of the Madeira system, including above and below the Teotonio Rapids (which were thought to obstruct factor flow), institute that the Inia above the rapids did not possess unique mtDNA.[14] Every bit such the species level distinction one time held is not supported by current results. Therefore, the Bolivian river dolphin is currently recognized as a subspecies. In addition, a 2014 study identifies a third species in the Araguaia-Tocantins basin,[15] but this designation is not recognized by any international organization and the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy suggests this assay is not persuasive.[10]

Subspecies [edit]

Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis [7] inhabits most of the Amazon River, including rivers Tocantins, Araguaia, low Xingu and Tapajos, the Madeira to the rapids of Porto Velho, and rivers Purus, Yurua, Ica, Caqueta, Branco, and the Rio Negro through the channel of Casiquiare to San Fernando de Atabapo in the Orinoco river, including its tributary: the Guaviare.

Inia geoffrensis boliviensis [seven] has populations in the upper reaches of the Madeira River, upstream of the rapids of Teotonio, in Republic of bolivia. Information technology is confined to the Mamore River and its main tributary, the Iténez.[16]

Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana [7] are located in the Orinoco River bowl, including the Apure and Meta rivers. This subspecies is restricted, at least during the dry season, to the waterfalls of Rio Negro rapids in the Orinoco between Samariapo and Puerto Ayacucho, and the Casiquiare canal. This subspecies is not recognized by the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy,[x] or the IUCN.[i]

Biology and ecology [edit]

Description [edit]

Male Amazon river dolphins are either solid pinkish or mottled greyness/pink.

The Amazon river dolphin is the largest river dolphin. Developed males accomplish a maximum length and weight of 2.55 metres (8.4 ft) (average 2.32 metres (7.six ft)) and 185 kilograms (408 lb) (boilerplate 154 kilograms (340 lb)), while females attain a length and weight of 2.fifteen metres (seven.ane ft) (hateful two metres (half-dozen.half-dozen ft)) and 150 kilograms (330 lb) (average 100 kilograms (220 lb)). It has very evident sexual dimorphism, with males measuring and weighing between 16% and 55% more than females, making information technology unique among river dolphins, where females are generally larger than males.[17]

The texture of the body is robust and strong just flexible. Different in oceanic dolphins, the cervical vertebrae are not fused, allowing the head to plough 90 degrees.[eighteen] The flukes are wide and triangular, and the dorsal fin, which is keel-shaped, is short in summit but very long, extending from the middle of the trunk to the caudal region. The pectoral fins are large and paddle-shaped. The length of its fins allows the animal to perform a circular movement, allowing for exceptional maneuverability to swim through the flooded forest merely decreasing its speed.[19]

The trunk color varies with historic period. Newborns and the young have a night grey tint, which in boyhood transforms into lite greyness, and in adults turns pink every bit a result of repeated abrasion of the skin surface. Males tend to be pinker than females due to more than frequent trauma from intra-species assailment. The color of adults varies between solid and mottled pinkish and in some adults the dorsal surface is darker. It is believed that the difference in color depends on the temperature, h2o transparency, and geographical location. There is one albino on record, kept in an aquarium in Federal republic of germany.

The skull of the species is slightly asymmetrical compared to the other toothed whales. Information technology has a long, thin snout, with 25 to 28 pairs of long and slender teeth to each side of both jaws. Dentition is heterodont, meaning that the teeth differ in shape and length, with differing functions for both grabbing and crushing prey. Inductive teeth are conical and afterwards take ridges on the inside of the crown. Despite small optics, the species seems to have expert eyesight in and out of the water. It has a melon on the head, the shape of which can exist modified by muscular control when used for biosonar. Animate takes place every 30 to 110 seconds.[19]

Longevity [edit]

Apure the dolphin lived for more than 40 years at the Duisburg Zoo

Life expectancy of the Amazon river dolphin in the wild is unknown, but in captivity, the longevity of healthy individuals has been recorded at between 10 and thirty years. However, a 1986 study of the average longevity in convict animals in the United states of america is only 33 months.[20] An individual named Infant at the Duisburg Zoo, Germany, lived at least 46 years, spending 45 years, 9 months at the zoo.[21]

Beliefs [edit]

The Amazon river dolphin are commonly seen singly or in twos, simply may also occur in pods that rarely comprise more than 8 individuals.[22] Pods as big as 37 individuals have been seen in the Amazon, simply boilerplate is three. In the Orinoco, the largest observed groups number xxx, but boilerplate is but above five.[22] During prey time, equally many every bit 35 pink dolphins work together to obtain their prey.[23] Typically, social bonds occur between mother and child, but may likewise been seen in heterogeneous groups or available groups. The largest congregations are seen in areas with arable food, and at the mouths of rivers. At that place is significant segregation during the rainy season, with males occupying the river channels, while females and their offspring are located in flooded areas. However, in the dry season, there is no such separation.[eighteen] [24] Due to the loftier level of casualty fish, larger group-sizes are seen in large sections that are direct influenced by whitewater (such as main rivers and lakes, peculiarly during low water season) than in smaller sections influenced past blackwater (such as channels and smaller tributaries).[22] In their freshwater habitat they are apex predators and gatherings depend more on nutrient sources and habitat availability than in oceanic dolphins where protection from larger predators is necessary.[22]

Convict studies take shown that the Amazon river dolphin is less shy than the bottlenose dolphin, just likewise less sociable. It is very curious and has a remarkable lack of fear of foreign objects. However, dolphins in captivity may not show the aforementioned behavior that they exercise in their natural environment, where they have been reported to hold the oars of the fishermen, rub confronting the boat, pluck underwater plants, and play with sticks, logs, clay, turtles, snakes, and fish.[seven]

They are slow swimmers; they commonly travel at speeds of i.5 to iii.2 kilometres per hour (0.93 to 1.99 mph) only have been recorded to swim at speeds upwardly to 14 to 22 kilometres per hour (viii.vii to 13.7 mph). When they surface, the tips of the snout, melon and dorsal fins appear simultaneously, the tail rarely showing before diving. They can also shake their fins, and pull their tail fin and head above the water to observe the surroundings. They occasionally jump out of the water, sometimes as loftier every bit a meter (three.xiv ft). They are harder to train than most other species of dolphin.[7]

Courtship [edit]

Adult males have been observed carrying objects in their mouths such as branches or other floating vegetation, or balls of hardened clay. The males appear to behave these objects as a socio-sexual display which is part of their mating system. The beliefs is "triggered by an unusually large number of adult males and/or adult females in a group, or perhaps information technology attracts such into the group. A plausible explanation of the results is that object-carrying is aimed at females and is stimulated by the number of females in the group, while aggression is aimed at other developed males and is stimulated by object-conveying in the group."[25] Before determining that the species had an axiomatic sexual dimorphism, it was postulated that the river dolphins were monogamous. Later, it was shown that males were larger than females and are documented wielding an aggressive sexual beliefs in the wild and in captivity. Males oft accept a meaning degree of impairment in the dorsal, caudal, and pectoral fins, too equally the blowhole, due to bites and abrasions. They also commonly have numerous secondary teeth-raking scars. This suggests violent competition for access to females, with a polygynous mating organization, though polyandry and promiscuity cannot be excluded.[26]

In captivity, courtship and mating foreplay have been documented. The male takes the initiative by nibbling the fins of the female, but reacts aggressively if the female is not receptive. A loftier frequency of copulations in a couple was observed; they used three unlike positions: contacting the womb at correct angles, lying head to caput, or caput to tail.[9]

Reproduction [edit]

Breeding is seasonal, and births occur betwixt May and June. The period of birthing coincides with the flood season, and this may provide an advantage because the females and their offspring remain in flooded areas longer than males. As the water level begins to decrease, the density of food sources in flooded areas increases due to loss of space, providing enough free energy for infants to meet the high demands required for growth. Gestation is estimated to be around eleven months and captive births accept 4 to 5 hours. At birth, calves are 80 centimetres (31 in) long and in captivity have registered a growth of 0.21 metres (0.69 ft) per year. Lactation takes most a yr. The interval betwixt births is estimated between 15 and 36 months, and the young dolphins are idea to get independent within ii to three years.[9]

The relatively long elapsing of breastfeeding and parenting suggests a strong mother-child bond. Almost couples observed in their natural surroundings consist of a female and her calf. This suggests that long periods of parental intendance contribute to learning and development of the young.[nine]

Diet [edit]

Amazon river dolphin feeding

The nutrition of the Amazon river dolphin is the most diverse of the toothed whales. It consists of at least 53 different species of fish, grouped in nineteen families. The prey size is between 5 and 80 centimetres (2.0 and 31.five in), with an average of 20 centimetres (7.nine in). The most oftentimes consumed fish belong to the families Sciaenidae (croakers), Cichlidae, and Characidae (tetras and piranhas). The dolphin's dentition allows information technology to admission shells of river turtles and freshwater crabs.[v] [7] The diet is more various during the wet season, when fish are spread in flooded areas exterior riverbeds, thus becoming more difficult to catch. The diet becomes more selective during the dry season when prey density is greater.[19]

Normally, these dolphins are agile and feeding throughout the 24-hour interval and nighttime. However, they are predominantly crepuscular. They consume about 5.5% of their body weight per day. They sometimes accept advantage of the disturbances made by boats to catch disoriented prey. Sometimes, they associate with the distantly-related tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis), and giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) to hunt in a coordinated style, by gathering and attacking fish stocks at the aforementioned time. Apparently, at that place is niggling competition for food between these species, every bit each prefers dissimilar casualty. It has as well been observed that captive dolphins share food.[v] [seven]

Echolocation [edit]

Amazonian rivers are often very murky, and the Amazon river dolphin is therefore probable to depend much more on its sense of echolocation than vision when navigating and finding prey. Even so, echolocation in shallow waters and flooded forests may event in many echoes to keep rail of. For each click produced a multitude of echoes are likely to return to the echolocating animal almost on top of each other which makes object discrimination difficult. This may be why the Amazon river dolphin produces less powerful clicks compared to other similar sized toothed whales.[27] By sending out clicks of lower aamplitude only nearby objects will cast back detectable echoes, and hence fewer echoes need to be sorted out, merely the price is a reduced biosonar range. Toothed whales generally do not produce a new echolocation click until all relevant echoes from the previous click accept been received,[28] so if detectable echoes are only reflected back from nearby objects, the echoes will speedily return, and the Amazon river dolphin is then able to click at a high rate.[27] This in plow allow these animals to have a high acoustic update rate on their environment which may aid prey tracking when echolocating in shallow rivers and flooded forests with plenty of hiding places for the prey. While preying in murky water, they emit serial of clicking noises, 30 to 80 per second, which they use by listening to the bouncing sonar which bounces off their prey.[23]

Communication [edit]

Like other dolphins, river dolphins employ whistling tones to communicate. The issuance of these sounds is related to the time they render to the surface before diving, suggesting a link to food. Acoustic analysis revealed that the vocalisations are different in structure from the typical whistles of other species of dolphins.[29]

Distribution and population [edit]

The chief branch of the Amazon River near Fonte Boa, Brazil, with multiple floodplains, lakes and smaller channels. The Amazon river dolphin is observed here throughout the year

Amazon river dolphins are the virtually widespread river dolphins. They are nowadays in six countries in Southward America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, in an surface area covering about 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi). The boundaries are ready by waterfalls, such as the Xingu and Tapajós rivers in Brazil, equally well every bit very shallow water. A series of rapids and waterfalls in the Madeira River have isolated one population, recognized equally the subspecies I. g. boliviensis, in the southern role of the Amazon basin in Republic of bolivia.[7]

They are also distributed in the basin of the Orinoco River, except the Caroni River and the upper Caura River in Venezuela. The only connection between the Orinoco and the Amazon is through the Casiquiare culvert. The distribution of dolphins in the rivers and surrounding areas depends on the time of year; in the dry flavour they are located in the river beds, but in the rainy season, when the rivers overflow, they disperse to the flooded areas, both the forests and the plains.[vii]

Studies to estimate the population are difficult to clarify due to the deviation in the methodology used. In a study conducted in the stretch of the Amazon called Solimões River, with a length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) between the cities of Manaus and Tabatinga, a full of 332 individuals was sighted ± 55 per inspection. Density was estimated at 0.08–0.33 animals per square kilometer in the main channels, and 0.49 to 0.93 animals per square kilometer in the branches. In another study, on a stretch of 120 kilometres (75 mi) at the confluence of Republic of colombia, Brazil and Peru, 345 individuals with a density of 4.8 per foursquare km in the tributaries around the islands. 2.seven and ii.0 were observed along the banks. Additionally, another study was conducted in the Amazon at the height of the mouth of the Caqueta River for half-dozen days. As a issue of the studies conducted, it was found that the density is higher in the riverbanks, iii.vii per km, decreasing towards the center of the river. In studies conducted during the rainy season, the density observed in the flood plain was 18 animals per square km, while on the banks of rivers and lakes ranged from i.8 to five.viii individuals per square km. These observations advise that the Amazon river dolphin is institute in college density than any other cetacean.[7]

Habitat and migration [edit]

The Amazon river dolphin is located in most of the surface area'southward aquatic habitats, including; river basins, major courses of rivers, canals, river tributaries, lakes, and at the ends of rapids and waterfalls. Cyclical changes in the water levels of rivers take place throughout the year. During the dry season, dolphins occupy the main river channels, and during the rainy flavour, they can move easily to smaller tributaries, to the forest, and to floodplains.[9]

Males and females appear to accept selective habitat preferences, with the males returning to the master river channels when water levels are notwithstanding high, while the females and their offspring remain in the flooded areas every bit long as possible; probably considering it decreases the risk of aggression by males toward the immature and predation by other species.[9]

In the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru, photograph-identification is used to recognize individuals based on pigmentation patterns, scars and abnormalities in the beak. 72 individuals were recognized, of which 25 were again observed betwixt 1991 and 2000. The intervals between sightings ranged from one day to 7.5 years. The maximum range of motion was 220 kilometres (140 mi), with an boilerplate of lx.8 kilometres (37.viii mi). The longest distance in one day was 120 kilometres (75 mi), with an average of fourteen.5 kilometres (nine.0 mi).[xxx] In a previous study conducted at the centre of the Amazon River, a dolphin was observed that moved but a few dozen kilometers from the dry season and wet season. However, three of the reviewed 160 animals were observed over 100 kilometres (62 mi) from where they were first registered.[16] Inquiry in 2011 concluded that photograph-identification past skilled operatives using high-quality digital equipment could exist a useful tool in monitoring population size, movements and social patterns.[31]

Interactions with humans [edit]

In captivity [edit]

The Amazon river dolphin has historically been kept in dolphinariums. Today, only one exists in captivity, at Zoologico de Guistochoca in Peru. Several hundred were captured between the 1950s and 1970s, and were distributed in dolphinariums throughout the U.s.a., Europe, and Japan. Around 100 went to Us dolphinariums, and of that, only 20 survived; the terminal died at the Pittsburgh Zoo in 2002.[eighteen]

Threats [edit]

The region of the Amazon in Brazil has an extension of 5,000,000 km2 (ane,900,000 sq mi) containing various fundamental ecosystems.[32] [33] One of these ecosystems is a floodplain, or a várzea wood, and is abode to a large number of fish species which are an essential resource for human being consumption.[34] The várzea is as well a major source of income through excessive local commercialized line-fishing.[32] [35] [36] Várzea consists of muddy river waters containing a vast number and diversity of nutrient rich species.[25] The affluence of singled-out fish species lures the Amazon River dolphin into the várzea areas of high h2o occurrences during the seasonal flooding.[37]

In addition to attracting predators such as the Amazon river dolphin, these high-h2o occurrences are an platonic location to draw in the local fisheries. Man fishing activities directly compete with the dolphins for the same fish species, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and the pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus), resulting in deliberate or unintentional catches of the Amazon river dolphin.[38] [39] [forty] [32] [41] [42] [43] [44] The local fishermen overfish and when the Amazon River dolphins remove the commercial catch from the nets and lines, it causes damages to the equipment and the capture, every bit well as generating ill will from the local fishermen.[40] [42] [43] The negative reactions of the local fishermen are besides attributed to the Brazilian Establish of Surroundings and Renewable Natural Resource prohibition on killing the Amazon river dolphin, even so not compensating the fishermen for the impairment washed to their equipment and catch.[44]

During the process of catching the commercialized fish, the Amazon river dolphins get defenseless in the nets and exhaust themselves until they die, or the local fishermen deliberately kill the entangled dolphins.[34] The carcasses are discarded, consumed, or used as bait to attract a scavenger catfish, the piracatinga (Calophysus macropterus).[34] [45] The apply of the Amazon river dolphin carcass every bit bait for the piracatinga dates dorsum to 2000.[45] Increasing demand for the piracatinga has created a market for distribution of the Amazon river dolphin carcasses to be used equally bait throughout these regions.[44]

Of the fifteen dolphin carcasses found in the Japurá River in 2010–2011 surveys, 73% of the dolphins were killed for bait, disposed of, or abandoned in entangled gillnets.[34] The data exercise not fully represent the actual overall number of deaths of the Amazon river dolphins, whether accidental or intentional, because a diversity of factors brand information technology extremely complicated to record and medically examine all the carcasses.[34] [39] [42] Scavenger species feed upon the carcasses, and the complication of the river currents arrive well-nigh impossible to locate all of the expressionless animals.[34] More chiefly, the local fishermen do not report these deaths out of fear that a legal form of activity volition exist taken against them,[34] as the Amazon river dolphin and other cetaceans are protected under a Brazilian federal law prohibiting any takes, harassments, and kills of the species.[46]

The Amazon river is besides threatened by the dumping of mercury into its waters from industrial mining, along with other harsh chemicals. Just like deforestation and burning, mercury in the water of the Amazon river is very unsafe for the brute of the river. In 2019, F. Mosquera-Guerra at al, published a report that showed the presence of mercury in the Amazon river dolphins. They analyzed the dolphin'southward muscle tissue of different taxa of the Amazon basin and institute high concentrations of mercury in the Tapajos River (Brazil) from an developed male of I. g. geoffrensis (pink dolphin).[47]

Conservation [edit]

In 2008, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) expressed concern for captured botos for apply equally allurement in the Fundamental Amazon, which is an emerging trouble that has spread on a large scale. The species is listed in Appendix 2 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Brute and Flora (CITES), and Appendix 2 of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals,[48] because it has an unfavorable conservation status or would do good significantly from international co-operation organized by tailored agreements.

According to a previous assessment by the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission in 2000, the population of botos appears peachy and there is little or no evidence of population decline in numbers and range. Withal, increased man intervention on their habitat is expected to, in the future, be the nearly likely crusade of the decline of its range and population. A serial of recommendations were issued to ensure proper follow-up to the species, among which is the implementation and publication of studies on the structure of populations, making a record of the distribution of the species, information most potential threats as the magnitude of line-fishing operations and location of pipelines.[49]

In September 2012, Bolivian President Evo Morales enacted a constabulary to protect the dolphin and declared information technology a national treasure.[18] [50]

In 2018, the species was listed on the Red listing of endangered species.[ane]

Increasing pollution and gradual devastation of the Amazon rainforest add to the vulnerability of the species. The biggest threats are deforestation and other human activities that contribute to disrupt and alter their environment.[vii] Another source of concern is the difficulty in keeping these animals alive in captivity, due to intra-species aggression and low longevity. Captive breeding is not considered a conservation choice for this species.[51]

In mythology [edit]

In traditional Amazon River folklore, at dark, an Amazon river dolphin becomes a handsome young human being who seduces girls, impregnates them, then returns to the river in the morning to become a dolphin once again. Similarly, the female person becomes a beautiful, well-dressed, wealthy-looking immature adult female. She goes to the house of a married man, places him under a spell to go along him quiet, and takes him to a thatched hut and visits him every year on the aforementioned dark she seduced him. On the 7th nighttime of visiting, she changes the man into a female – babe or male, and soon transfers it into his own wife's womb. The mythology is said to exist the bicycle of a baby. This dolphin shapeshifter is called an encantado. The myth has been suggested to have arisen partly because dolphin genitalia bear a resemblance to those of humans. Others believe the myth served (and nonetheless serves) as a way of hiding the incestuous relations which are quite common in some small, isolated communities along the river.[52] In the area, tales relate it is bad luck to kill a dolphin. Legend also states that if a person makes heart contact with an Amazon river dolphin, they will have lifelong nightmares. According to the pink Amazon river dolphin myth, it is said that this creature takes form of a human and seduces men and women to the Underworld of Encante. This underworld place is said to be 'Atlantis-like Paradise', even so no one has come up back from information technology alive. Myths say that whoever kills the amazon dolphin volition accept bad luck, but it's worse for whoever eats it.[53] Local legends likewise state that the dolphin is the guardian of the Amazonian manatee, and that if one should wish to discover a manatee, ane must first make peace with the dolphin.

Associated with these legends is the use of various fetishes, such every bit dried eyeballs and genitalia.[52] These may or may not be accompanied by the intervention of a shaman. A recent written report has shown, despite the claim of the seller and the belief of the buyers, none of these fetishes is derived from the boto. They are derived from Sotalia guianensis, are most likely harvested along the declension and the Amazon River delta, and then are traded upwardly the Amazon River. In inland cities far from the declension, many, if not almost, of the fetishes are derived from domestic animals such every bit sheep and pigs.[54]

Gallery [edit]

  • Amazon river dolphin skull (Inia geoffrensis)

  • Eye of the Amazon river dolphin

  • Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)

Run across also [edit]

  • Unihemispheric slow-wave slumber
  • List of cetaceans
  • Porpoise
  • Dolphin
  • Dolphinarium
  • Pacific Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Boto

References [edit]

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  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org . Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ Hrbek, Tomas; Da Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira; Dutra, Nicole; Gravena, Waleska; Martin, Anthony R.; Farias, Izeni Pires (22 January 2014). Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). "A New Species of River Dolphin from Brazil or: How Piffling Exercise We Know Our Biodiversity". PLOS One. ix (1): e83623. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...983623H. doi:10.1371/periodical.pone.0083623. PMC3898917. PMID 24465386.
  4. ^ "Listing of Marine Mammal Species & Subspecies". Gild for Marine Mammalogy. Archived from the original on half-dozen January 2015.
  5. ^ a b c American Cetacean Gild Fact Canvass. "Boto (Amazon river dolphin)". American Cetacean Society. Retrieved eighteen May 2019.
  6. ^ The Paleobiology database. "Superfamily Platanistoidea". fossilworks . Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d eastward f g h i j k l m Wilson, Don; Reeder, DeeAnn (2005). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 2. p. 738. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0 . Retrieved 22 Nov 2015.
  8. ^ Hamilton, H.; Due south. Caballero; A. G. Collins & R. 50. Brownell Jr. (2001). "Evolution of river dolphins". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 268 (1466): 549–556. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1385. PMC1088639. PMID 11296868.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Bebej, Ryan (2006). "Inia geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin)". Animal Diversity Web . Retrieved 11 Baronial 2017.
  10. ^ a b c "List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies - Society for Marine Mammalogy". www.marinemammalscience.org . Retrieved 1 September 2017.
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External links [edit]

  • Omacha Foundation—A not-government and non-profit organization created to study, inquiry and protect river dolphins and other fauna and aquatic ecosystems in Colombia. Winner of the 2007 Whitley Awards (UK).
  • River Dolphin Research Program—Research project devoted to the study of the ecology and conservation of river dolphins in the Amazon basin, based in the Federal University of Western Pará. The telescopic of this research project focuses on ecological studies, besides as the bear on that man activities have on their survival.
  • Convention on Migratory Species folio on the Amazon Dolphin

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin

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